The advanced nuclear reactors TerraPower are building use liquid sodium as the coolant and uranium as a fuel source.

“We are making excellent progress,” Gates said, while also acknowledging that the Ukraine war has thrown a wrench in TerraPower’s plans because the reactors planned to operate with fuel coming from Russia and that relationship is no longer viable.

TerraPower’s first plant is slated for Wyoming and due to be online by 2030, Gates said. “This can make a huge contribution to climate challenges since it will be low cost and super safe,” Gates wrote.

Where making electricity is responsible for 27% of emissions, growing things like plants and animals is responsible for 19% of emissions, according to a breakdown Gates provided in his own climate book.

Gates has backed several companies working to make meatless meat products, including Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods, he told Reddit users. And he’s also backed Memphis Meats (which has since rebranded under the name Upside Foods), Gates said, and which takes cells from an actual animals and grows the products in laboratory environments.

“I think eventually these products will be very good even though their share is small today,” Gates told Reddit. It’s important to innovate alternative ways to produce meat alternatives and climate conscious ways because, “for people who want to go Vegan that is great but I don’t think most people will do that,” Gates said.

Beyond diet, Gates generally supports the thesis that creating cost-effective clean-energy alternatives is the best way to fight climate change. “The key on climate is making the clean products as cheap as the dirty products in every area of emission — planes, concrete, meat etc,” Gates said on Reddit. “This is the only way we can ask all the countries in the world to change. If it costs a lot extra we won’t succeed.”

While innovation is the primary tool humans have to address climate change, according to Gates, everyone can contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change, he said.

“You are a voter, a consumer, a giver and a worker. In every one of those roles you can help,” Gates wrote.

Buying an electric car is something individuals can do, as are options to pay “a bit extra” to offset emissions generated when you travel, which Gates does for all of his emissions for himself and his family.

“We need support on climate from both parties in the US and in all countries,” Gates said. Also, “staying hopeful is a good thing!”